11th Century – Stewart Progenitors Arrived in England
The progenitors of the future Stewarts are residing in Dol, Bretagne (present-day Brittany, France) where they are serving as stewards to the Counts of Dol. After the Norman conquest of England in 1066, they are invited to settle in England by King Henry I.
Balquhidder/Stewart History
National/Global History
King Malcolm II (d. 1034). Reign: 1005 – 1034.
King Malcolm II expands Scottish territory and establishes a strong monarchy. (Wikipedia)
1016 - Danish King Canute Conquest of England:
The Danish King Canute (Cnut) conquers England, establishing the North Sea Empire and influencing Scotland’s relations with England. (Wikipedia)
1018 - Battle of Carham
Scottish forces, led by Malcolm II, achieve a victory over the Northumbrians, gaining control of Lothian. (Wikipedia)
King Duncan I (d. 1040). Reign: 1034 – 1040.
King Duncan I’s reign is marked by political struggles and his eventual murder. His conflicts with Macbeth would later be immortalized by Shakespeare. (Wikipedia)
King Macbeth (d. 1057). Reign: 1040 – 1057.
Macbeth, the historical king, is later famously immortalized inaccurately by William Shakespeare. (Wikipedia)
King Lulach (d. 1058). Reign: 1057 – 1058.
King Lulach has a short-lived reign following Macbeth’s death. (Wikipedia)
KING MALCOLM CANMORE
King Malcolm III (d. 1093). Reign: 1058 – 1093.
Malcolm III, known as “Malcolm Canmore,” begins a long and prosperous reign, marked by efforts to centralize authority and reform the kingdom. (Wikipedia)
WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR – NORMAN CONQUEST OF ENGLAND
1066 - Norman Conquest of England (Battle of Hastings)
William the Conqueror’s victory at the Battle of Hastings leads to Norman rule in England, altering Scotland’s relationship with its southern neighbour. (Wikipedia)
1072 – Marriage of Malcolm Canmore and St. Margaret
Scottish King Malcolm III marries the English Princess Margaret of Wessex. Queen Margaret’s influence on her husband King Malcolm III and son, King David I cannot be overstated in bringing Norman and Roman Catholic influences to the Scottish court. (Wikipedia)
1086 – First Written Record of a Stewart Progenitor
Alan Fitz-Flaad, Dapifer of Dol, is recorded in a charter in Dol, Bretagne. (Wikipedia)
1086 - Domesday Book
The compilation of the Domesday Book by William the Conqueror records landownership and resources in England, providing insights into Scotland’s southern neighbor. (Wikipedia)
1091 –Stewart Progenitors Recruited by Henry of England
Henry of England, son of William the Conqueror, and not yet king himself, is battling in Normandy against his brother, King William II of England, He recruits knights from neighbouring Bretagne (Brittany) to support him, including Flaad of Dol and Flaad’s son, Alan Fitz-Flaad of Dol. (Stewarts of Balquhidder)
1093 - Scottish Instability Following the Death of Malcolm III
Donald, brother of King Malcolm III kills Malcolm and his son Edward in battle and seizes the throne, leading to a period of instability. (Wikipedia)
King Donald III (d. ca. 1099). Reign: 1093 – 1094 and 1094 – 1097.
King Donald III has a brief rule during a tumultuous and unstable period. (Wikipedia)
1094 - King Duncan II overthrows his uncle King Donald III Ban
Duncan II, son Malcolm III, overthrows his uncle Donald III Ban with assistance from King William II Rufus of England. Duncan is detested for this act. Later that year, Donald III Ban engineers the murder of Duncan II and is restored to the throne. (Wikipedia)
THE CRUSADES BEGIN
1096 - 1099 - The First Crusade
The First Crusade in the Holy Land involves several knights from Scotland and England. (Wikipedia)
1097 - Alan Fitz-Flaad of Dol Participated in the First Crusade.
Progenitor of the Stewarts, Alan Fitz-Flaad of Dol, participates in the First Crusade. (Stewarts of Balquhidder)
King Edgar (d. 1107). Reign: 1097 – 1107.
Edgar, eldest son of Malcolm III, defeats Donald III Ban with support from King William II Rufus of England. He works to restore stability and unity after a period of unrest. (Wikipedia)